underwood-law-probate-overbid-process-300x300Probate sales are a unique real estate opportunity for buyers to purchase real property from the court after its owner died. Probate sales involve court confirmation hearings, during which an auction can result in an original purchase offer to be overbid by a new, higher, one. This auction is called the Probate Overbid Process. Probate sales and the Probate Overbid Process are often time-consuming, complex, and competitive, but offer buyers an opportunity to purchase property below market value. This article explores the probate sale and overbid process to help navigate the complex legal issues that might arise throughout each process. 

What is a Probate Sale?

A Probate Sale is the legal process in which a deceased person’s property is sold to pay taxes and outstanding debts before distributing the deceased person’s remaining property to their heirs. A probate sale of real property occurs in various ways and are often facilitated by the court and a personal representative. A personal representative is the individual appointed to manage the deceased person’s estate throughout the probate process. (Prob. Code, § 58.) 

underwood-title-determinative-300x300In California, title is determinative in some instances. This means that a court’s characterization of property in a marital dissolution proceeding determines the division of the property between spouses. How a property is titled may also affect the property’s protection from creditors, taxes, and the probate process. Understanding how and when title is determinative is important because married individuals may hold title in various forms affecting their interests in dissolutions. 

What is a Property Title?

A title is not a physical document given to individuals who acquire interest in property. Instead, a property title is a legal concept made up of various documents, like deeds and surveys, that represent various rights inherent in the ownership of real property. It is important to distinguish the difference between a Title and a Deed. Title refers to the concept of legal ownership of property. Oppositely, a deed is the physical document that transfers legal ownership of the property. In short, deeds help establish title. 

underwood-notarizing-documents-california-300x300In today’s world, where authenticity and legality are very important, notarizing documents is a crucial step in many legal transactions. Whether you’re finalizing a real estate deal, creating a will, or signing a power of attorney, having your documents notarized adds an extra layer of assurance that they are legitimate and binding. If you’re in California and need to notarize a document, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the process.

Step 1: Understand the Role of a Notary Public

A notary public is an official authorized by the state government to witness the signing of important documents and administer oaths. Their primary role is to prevent fraud by verifying the identities of the signers, ensuring they are signing voluntarily, and witnessing the signing process.

underwood-trustee-partition-action-300x300A trust set up for property gives beneficiaries a right to the property once the settlor has passed away. This means beneficiaries may become co-owners. However, the trustee may also hold an interest in the property as well. If the trustee is a co-owner of the property, they can file a partition suit. This is important if you are interested in filing a partition suit either as a trustee or co-owner of a property where the trustee holds an interest.  

How can a trustee hold an interest in the property?

The trustor creates the trust and places the asset or property into the trust to be held and transferred. The benefit of the trust will be passed to the beneficiaries upon death. These beneficiaries receive the assets like property once certain conditions occur. For example, following the death of the trustor. The trustee will manage the trust and ensure it is carried out according to the trustor’s wishes. A trustee can be a beneficiary but, the trustee typically holds the property for the benefit of another. (Estate of Yool (2007) 151 Cal.App.4th 867, 874.) This may impact future rights and interests in property, so the right to partition will only be upheld if it is in the best interest of the parties. (CCP § 872.710.)

underwood-elder-abuse-dependent-restraining-order-300x300The purpose of this article is to explain what an elder abuse restraining order is and why it is important. This type of restraining order prevents abuse against elder or dependent adults. (Cal Wel. & Inst. Code § 15657.03(a)(1).) The requirements to obtain this restraining order are laid out in the California Welfare and Institutions Code.

What are the requirements to get this type of restraining order?

To be eligible for this type of restraining order the person seeking it must be 65 years or older to qualify as an “elderly person.” To qualify as a “dependent adult” the person must be between the ages of 18 and 64 and have physical or mental limitations which restrict their ability to do normal activities and protect their rights. This applies whether they live independently or in an inpatient 24-hour health facility. For example, the facility could be a nursing home. This type of restraining order similarly applies if the diminished physical or mental ability is due to their age. (Cal Wel. & Inst. Code § 15610.23) Someone can file for a restraining order on behalf of an abused elder or dependent adult who has legal authority to seek such relief. This could be as their conservator, trustee, guardian, or acting in power of attorney. (White v. Davis (2023) 87 Cal.App.5th 270, 285.)

underwood-motion-limine-300x300Motions in Limine are designed to facilitate case management before trial starts because taking a case to trial is an extremely evidence intensive process. Understanding how you can use Motions in Limine to protect and strengthen your case before trial starts is an important step to preparing your strongest case. 

What is a Motion in Limine? 

Motions in Limine are pre-trial motions used to exclude evidence. (Ca. Motions in Limine § 1:1.) In English, “Motion in Limine” means “at the threshold” or “in the beginning.” Accordingly, Motions in Limine are used to decide difficult evidentiary issues, or exclude unduly prejudicial or irrelevant evidence, before trial starts. (Id.) Motions in Limine protect parties from evidence being presented to the jury which damages their case, without any rational need for the evidence in the present proceeding. This is a necessary protection because attempts to “unring the bell” after evidence has been presented to the jury are obviously ineffective. (Blanks v. Shaw (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 336.) 

underwood-rents-recoverable-partition-action-300x300In a partition action the sale proceeds are distributed based on a party’s interest in the property. (Code Civ. Proc., § 872.810.) This includes parties’ ownership interest as well as what improvements they made on the property or other factors. (Code Civ. Proc., § 873.220.) In pursuing partition by sale, division of proceeds may raise questions for owners as to what they can collect. Depending on how the property was used, one co-owner may have a claim against the other for rent.

Why a co-owner may claim they are owed rents:

Under the partition statutes, the court may allow an accounting or other adjustments to compensate co-owners under principles of fairness. (Code Civ. Proc., § 872.140.) Under these compensatory adjustments one co-owner may claim they are owed rents by the other co-owner. 

underwood-fiduciary-duty-300x300A fiduciary duty is a special kind of professional relationship that forms between an individual or entity and their client. California recognizes many types of fiduciary relationships; each carrying its own duties and expectations. Understanding how fiduciary relationships function, under what circumstances they are established, and how they can be violated will help you better protect yourself when navigating these professional relationships. 

What is a Fiduciary?

A fiduciary is an individual who holds a special position of legal responsibility to their client, as a personal representative, guardian, trustee, conservator, attorney-in-fact, or custodian under the California Uniform Transfer to Minors Act, or any other applicable legal representative. (Prob. Code., § 39.) Fiduciary relationships commence when the fiduciary begins acting on behalf of their client for the client’s benefit.  

underwood-law-putative-spouse-300x300In California, spouses and registered domestic partners are afforded specific legal protections because of their status as a “spouse” or “registered partner.” A putative spouse is different from an actual marriage and a registered domestic partnership but exists to provide the same protections in specific circumstances. The Putative Spouse Doctrine protects Putative Spouses when their marriage or registered domestic partnerships turns out to be invalid. Understanding what a putative spouse is will help ensure your property and interests are protected in the unfortunate circumstance that your marriage or registered domestic partnership is invalid. 

What Is a Putative Spouse?

A putative spouse is an individual who holds a good-faith belief that they are married to their spouse or are registered as domestic partners, when they are not in fact married or registered under California law. The Putative Spouse Doctrine codified in Family Code Section 2251 provides the good-faith spouse the ability to share in the benefits of property obtained during the relationship in a manner equivalent to that of community property. (Miller and Starr California Real Estate (4th Ed.) 4 Cal. Real Est. § 11:36.) 

underwood-guide-to-liquidated-damages-300x300In many contracts, the parties know that one person will be harmed if the other one breaches, but also realize that damage would be hard to calculate. So, what is a person to do to protect themselves from loss while also living their life in a way to pursue their goal? How can the law help people in that situation? 

In California, liquidated damages are designed to provide compensation if a hired party fails to perform their job by setting out the specific amount of damages that will be paid if a contract is breached. Liquidated damages are not intended to punish the breaching party. Understanding the purpose and function of liquidated damages will help ensure compensation is available when damages suffered are difficult to prove. 

What are Liquidated Damages?

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