Articles Tagged with tenant rights

5242023-300x300There are two common ways an individual can own property: (1) as a tenant in common or (2) as a joint tenant. In California, there is a presumption that the co-owners of a piece of property are tenants in common unless the deed expressly states that the co-owners are joint tenants. 

In a joint tenancy, there is a right of survivorship, meaning that when one joint tenant dies, the surviving joint tenant inherits the other joint tenant’s interest in the property. There is no right of survivorship in a tenancy in common. In certain circumstances, different rules or laws apply when a property is held in a joint tenancy versus a tenancy in common. For example, there are certain laws for property taxes that apply for a tenancy in common that is different from a joint tenancy. 

At the Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with property taxes and the requirements that follow. This area of law can be complex and entangled in technicalities. Our attorneys are here to walk you through the law step-by-step so that you are not lost in the maze of rules and regulations and to get the best possible results from transferring your property ownership. 

5192023-300x300In every property co-owned by two or more persons, there are common costs. Common costs are those costs for the property that are common to all owners or for the common benefit of all owners. In California, cotenants are required to pay for their portion of the common costs. Therefore, cotenants must pay for their share of expenses to operate and maintain the property. The portion of common costs one must pay depends on the ownership interest of that cotenant. 

At the Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with co-ownership and the requirements that follow. 

What are Common Expenses?

5122023-300x300“A trust is any arrangement which exists whereby property is transferred with an intention that it be held and administered by the transferee for the benefit of another.” (Higgins v. Higgins (2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 648, 662.) Essentially, a trust is a legal relationship that allows a person to hold property for the benefit of another person. 

In a trust relationship, there are typically three main people involved: (1) the settlor; (2) the trustee; and (3) the beneficiary. The settlor is the person that creates the trust and transfers the property he/she owns in the trust to be held by the trustee. The trustee is the person that administers the trust. The trustee holds legal title to the property transferred into the trust by the settlor and acts as a fiduciary to the beneficiary to protect the assets in the trust. The beneficiary holds equitable title to the trust property and is the person that benefits from the property in the trust. In some cases, the settlor and the trustee are the same person. 

In sum, a trust is a fiduciary relationship where property is transferred by one person to another on behalf of a third party. At the Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with trusts and the requirements that follow. 

3172023-300x300Generally, a bankruptcy proceeding acts as a stay on the collection of debt as well as any acts needed to be taken to enforce a debt. The rules regarding partition actions in bankruptcy proceedings are codified in the Code of Civil Procedure section 715.050. Typically, whether a partition action is exempt from a bankruptcy proceeding depends on when the bankruptcy proceeding was initiated. Therefore, a bankruptcy proceeding will not necessarily prevent a person from recovering possession of premises for which they have the right to recover possession. 

If a writ of possession was not yet obtained prior to the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding, then a tenant may be able to stop the execution of a writ of possession initially by initiating a bankruptcy proceeding. Therefore, timing is an essential element in determining whether a partition action is exempt from a bankruptcy proceeding. At Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with bankruptcy proceedings and their impact on partition actions. 

Code of Civil Procedure section 715.050 

382023-1-300x300A Prejudgment Claim to Right of Possession is a form used for the purpose of avoiding third-party claims in an eviction/unlawful detainer action. The Prejudgment Claim to Right Possession is for the purpose of giving notice to any unnamed occupants of a subject property that an eviction action has been initiated. After a prejudgment claim to right of possession, any unnamed occupants may file their own prejudgment claim form to preserve their rights in the subject property. If said unnamed occupants fail to do so, those unnamed occupants will lose their rights in the subject property, and the eviction action may proceed.   

However, if the litigant filing the eviction action fails to file a prejudgment claim to right of possession, and an unnamed tenant does file a prejudgment claim, then the eviction will be delayed in order for a hearing to take place to determine if the unnamed tenant should have been included as a defendant in the original eviction action. At Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with prejudgment claims to right of possession. 

Code of Civil Procedure 415.46

Underwood-Blog-Images-1-300x300In California, a person can claim title to a piece of real property that they are not a titleholder to through adverse possession. Adverse possession requires a person to be in use of a particular piece of real property for the required statutory period. An adverse possessor, however, does not become the titleholder of a piece of property merely by using the property. Certain elements are required for a claimant to acquire title through adverse possession. The requirements for adverse possession are codified in the California Code of Civil Procedure section 323. 

Under section 325, subdivision (b), for an adverse possessor to gain title through adverse possession, the claimant must prove (1) possession under the claim of right or color of title; (2) actual, open, and notorious occupation of the premises which gives reasonable notice to the true owner; (3) possession which is adverse and hostile to the true owner; (4) continuous possession for at least five years; and (5) payment of all taxes assessed against the property during the five-year period. (CCP § 325(b).) At Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with adverse possession and the elements required for gaining title through adverse possession. 

Possession Under the Claim of Right/Color of Title 

Underwood-Blog-Images-3-300x300Co-ownership of property brings with it many rights and duties under the law. These rights and duties can vary depending on whether co-owners hold property as tenants in common or joint tenants; these are the two most popular forms of joint ownership in the state. Regardless of the ownership scheme, however, both forms of cotenancy share the same indisputable right: the right of possession. (Bakanauskas v. Urdan (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 621, 628-630.) 

The right to possession is straightforward. Whether a co-owner holds a 1% or 99% ownership interest, they are nonetheless entitled to occupy the whole of the property if they so choose. (Dabney v. Dabney (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 379, 382.) Of course, the “right” often does not meet the practicalities of the situation. To that end, co-owners have developed “TIC” agreements, wherein they agree to limit their right to occupy the jointly owned premises. 

TIC agreements, too, seem straightforward enough, but they became the subject of controversy when used with rental properties. Due to California’s skyrocketing housing costs, some co-owners of rental units enacted TICs amongst themselves so that each could have the exclusive right to occupancy (ERO) in particular dwelling units within the rental property. 

Underwood-Blog-Images-1-1-300x300The Partition of Real Property Act (PRPA) is an exciting new development in real estate law only recently passed by the California Legislature. Its effects are far-reaching, and its changes to the procedure for partitions cannot be understated. 

At Underwood Law Firm, our attorneys are more than familiar with partitions and the complexities such lawsuits can entail. With the PRPA and its provisions set to go into effect early in 2023, our attorneys are already keeping track of the way it will change to partition law so that we can best assist you in achieving your litigation objectives. 

When does the Partition of Real Property Act go into Effect? 

Underwood-Blog-Images-2-300x300American law has its roots in the laws of England. As such, many of the laws still on the books in the 21st Century depend on what English judges thought prior to our War for Independence began in 1776. Because our modern laws go back centuries since before the United States was a country, we should care about how our legal terms were originally understood as they may implicate a judge’s decision today. The most important of all the English Judges who influenced our modern laws was most likely Sir William Blackstone. 

Blackstone’s 1765 work, Commentaries on the Laws of England, is his most famous legal treatise, forming the backbone of common law analysis as modern lawyers understand it today. Without his efforts centuries ago, our conceptions of property, individual rights, and governmental authority would not be the same. His works remain cited even now in judicial decisions at all levels, including the Supreme Court of the United States. 

Blackstone’s comments on property law are particularly striking, for they bear the foundational ideas now found in our statutes governing real estate transactions, estate types, property rights, and ownership disputes. His analysis of tenancies in common and joint tenancy is so similar to our own California statutes that they warrant their own discussion. 

Underwood-Blog-Images-1-1-300x300Yes. When co-owners of property decide they want to go their separate ways but cannot come to an agreement on a buyout or reimbursements, they can institute a partition action and have the court system solve the problem for them. 

The presence of a life estate, however, substantially complicates this process. Additional evidentiary showings are required, and a partition might not even be available if the life estate owner fights the lawsuit. Thankfully, the Underwood Law Firm is more than familiar with partitions of all types and is here to assist property owners throughout the process. 

What is a life estate? 

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