Contingencies are conditions or requirements included in purchase agreements that must be met before the agreement moves forward. Contingencies are designed to protect the parties’ interests in the transaction by allowing them to back out of deals or renegotiate terms when certain conditions are not satisfied. In California real estate contingencies commonly address financing,...

In end-of-life planning, the person will usually choose who gets what from their assets and property via a trust, insurance policy, or other estate planning tool. The person or persons on the receiving end are called beneficiaries as they benefit from the instrument.  What are the Different Types of Beneficiaries That Exist? A beneficiary...

Usually, a decedent has a valid legal will or estate upon their death which indicates how they want their assets distributed. Intestacy refers to someone who dies without a will. This means how their assets are distributed will be decided by the probate court. The probate process requires the court to determine whether someone...

A self-directed individual retirement account (IRA) is an option as an individual retirement account that allows for more investment options than a traditional IRA-type account. If concerns arise surrounding your IRA, you may need to bring a lawsuit. As an owner or investor in that account you are able to.  What is a self-directed...

If you think a trust exists, finding it is important to ensure it is distributed properly. If you are a beneficiary to that trust, it ensures you get your fair share. A trust is unlike a will or other similar document as it does not need to go through the probate process. Because it...

An important part of end-of-life preparation or just future planning is creating a will. A will is a document that dictates what your final intentions are regarding your assets and property. (Estate of Lopes (1984) 152 Cal.App.3d 302, 305.) Because of how a will determines inheritance and any future interest people may have in...

It seems logical that a parent has a legal and moral duty to care for their children, but is there an inverse duty? Filial responsibility is the responsibility for a child to take care of their parents. This is important if you have a parent in need of support because failing to provide help...

Registered Domestic Partnerships are a legally recognized form of union between two adults who willingly engage in a relationship of mutual caring without marriage. Under California law, registered domestic partnerships receive the same state-level rights and responsibilities as married couples. Federal law does not, however, afford registered domestic partnerships the same legal recognition, rights,...

“Who” gets “what” is the most important part of creating a will, trust, or other similar instrument. Often the terms heirs and beneficiaries come up and can be disputed during the probate process. The two terms often are mentioned in the same document and can seem like they refer to the same people. However,...

Fiduciary duties are legal obligations that one party owes to another in relationships involving trust, care, and loyalty. California law places significant emphasis on upholding these duties when fiduciaries, such as attorneys, fail to act in their client’s best interests, often for personal gain or through negligence. Breaches of fiduciary duties carry serious legal...

The California Multi-Party Account Law governs financial accounts with multiple endorsers and beneficiaries, such as joint accounts, pay on death accounts, and Totten trust accounts. The law ensures transparency and protection for account holders by outlining how these accounts are managed, how funds are distributed on death, and the rights of each involved party....

Yes. Judgments should properly name the fiduciary in their representative capacity when the fiduciary is involved in legal proceedings on behalf of a trust, estate, or other entity. Fiduciaries, such as trustees or executors hold a position of legal responsibility to manage and protect the interests of the beneficiaries or estate that they represent....

In California, the typical trust administration takes between 12 to 18 months to complete. The process can take significantly less time, ranging between 4 to 5 months, when distribution terms are straightforward. Oppositely, the distribution time frame can also take longer than 18 months depending on factors, like outstanding debts or real estate sales,...

Discovery is an important tool for parties in a lawsuit to get information to prepare for trial and to decide what issues to focus on in a case. In California, the rules governing discovery are laid out in the Civil Discovery Act in Title 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure. These discovery rules...

Probate sales are a unique real estate opportunity for buyers to purchase real property from the court after its owner died. Probate sales involve court confirmation hearings, during which an auction can result in an original purchase offer to be overbid by a new, higher, one. This auction is called the Probate Overbid Process....

The purpose of this article is to explain what an elder abuse restraining order is and why it is important. This type of restraining order prevents abuse against elder or dependent adults. (Cal Wel. & Inst. Code § 15657.03(a)(1).) The requirements to obtain this restraining order are laid out in the California Welfare and...

Motions in Limine are designed to facilitate case management before trial starts because taking a case to trial is an extremely evidence intensive process. Understanding how you can use Motions in Limine to protect and strengthen your case before trial starts is an important step to preparing your strongest case. What is a Motion...

A fiduciary duty is a special kind of professional relationship that forms between an individual or entity and their client. California recognizes many types of fiduciary relationships; each carrying its own duties and expectations. Understanding how fiduciary relationships function, under what circumstances they are established, and how they can be violated will help you...

In California, spouses and registered domestic partners are afforded specific legal protections because of their status as a “spouse” or “registered partner.” A putative spouse is different from an actual marriage and a registered domestic partnership but exists to provide the same protections in specific circumstances. The Putative Spouse Doctrine protects Putative Spouses when...

In many contracts, the parties know that one person will be harmed if the other one breaches, but also realize that damage would be hard to calculate. So, what is a person to do to protect themselves from loss while also living their life in a way to pursue their goal? How can the...

An Assembly bill applying to decedents’ estates was finalized on August 29, 2024. The bill will amend six sections of the Probate Code (Cal. Prob. Code § 13100-13101, 13150-13152, 13154) and repeal one section (Prob. Code § 13158). This is significant because it impacts how successors of decedents can manage a decedent’s real property....

The purpose of this article is to explain what a trustee removal petition is. In a trust the trust is managed by the trustee, who is put in charge by the creator of the trust called the settlor. A trustee removal petition is made by a settlor, co-trustee, or beneficiary of the trust with...

The purpose of this article is to explain what a short cause trial is. A short cause case is a civil case where the parties or court estimate the trial will take five hours or less. Because of a short cause trial’s brevity, these types of cases can get priority in the courtroom. These...

California Code of Civil Procedure section 998 encourages parties involved in legal disputes to settle prior to trial. According to this law, either party can present a written settlement offer to the other party up to ten days before the trial begins. (CCP § 998(b).) If the plaintiff declines a timely offer from the...

In almost all civil litigation in California, a major issue is the formal process of exchanging information and documents that address claims or defenses in dispute between the parties. In this system, discovery is “self-executing.” That means that no party to the lawsuit has any obligation to provide any information, unless requested through the...

Under certain special circumstances, money can be deposited with the court to safeguard during lawsuits under Code of Civil Procedure sections 572 and 573. The justification for such a rule is that, if the court doesn’t protect the money, the other party may spend it, rendering a plaintiff’s victory somewhat hollow. However, there are...

Service of process is an important aspect of every lawsuit filed in California. If a defendant is not served and thus does not receive notice of a lawsuit, then any judgment entered against them is void, and the plaintiff will have to begin the litigation process all over again. While service of process can...

Under Government Code section 26665, a sheriff may serve “all writs, notices, or other legal process issued by superior courts in civil actions…” When someone decides they want to file a lawsuit, getting an experienced lawyer to draft the complaint is only half the battle. It still needs to be filed with the correct...